Gary Medley
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Here's the best story I've seen on Hamilton and doping, from the LA Times.
-------------
<http://www.latimes.com/>
latimes.com
<http://www.latimes.com/sports/la-sp-cyclist17apr17,1,6404105.story?coll=la-headlines-sports>http://www.latimes.com/sports/la-sp-cyclist17apr17,1,6404105.story?coll=la-headlines-sports
Hamilton Presses His Case
U.S. Olympic cycling gold medalist, fighting a blood-doping allegation,
will hear from an arbitration panel's ruling Monday
By Alan Abrahamson
Times Staff Writer
April 17, 2005
BOULDER, Colo. ? Undeterred by a spring storm that dumped up to two feet of
snow on the Rocky Mountain foothills, Tyler Hamilton hopped on his bike one
day last week for a workout, hammering out 80 miles through the cold and slush.
"I like to push my body," he said.
After six-time-defending Tour de France champion Lance Armstrong, Hamilton
is arguably America's most accomplished active professional bicycle racer.
He finished fourth in the 2003 Tour de France despite riding virtually the
entire course with a broken collarbone ? a ride that cemented his
reputation for courage and grit. Last summer in Athens, Hamilton won an
Olympic gold medal.
But last Sept. 11, at the Tour of Spain, Hamilton allegedly tested positive
for blood doping, a violation that could lead to a two-year ban from
competition. An arbitration panel is expected to announce its decision
Monday, one that could all but end the 34-year-old Hamilton's career, or
clear him to resume riding in the world's top cycling events.The complex
case stands at the intersection of sport, science and law. A theme central
to Hamilton's defense is the notion of a "vanishing twin" who shared the
womb when Hamilton was a fetus ? a point on which there is much speculation
but no proof.
The Times has obtained key documents before the arbitration panel,
including legal briefs, test results, and the transcript of the hearing six
weeks ago where the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency and Hamilton's defense team
presented their cases. Along with interviews with Hamilton and others, the
paperwork offers an unusually detailed glimpse into an Olympic-style doping
case.
No matter the verdict, an appeal is almost assured. USADA, in the midst of
a campaign to rid Olympic sports of doping, has yet to lose a case in more
than two dozen hearings dating to its inception in 2000. Hamilton,
meanwhile, is the rare athlete who is willing and able to mount an
aggressive defense.
He and his wife, Haven, estimate the case has cost them more than $700,000
in legal fees and lost income. His riding team fired him.
"Imagine if this happened to a 23-year-old neophyte [bicycle] rider. Or a
figure skater whose mom and dad mortgaged their home to pay for her coach
and travel. Game over," Haven Hamilton said. "They're not in a position to
spend $300,000, $400,000, $500,000 to fight this fight and get to the
bottom of it."
The Hamiltons say they believe the system is stacked against athletes,
citing as evidence a bill he received last week demanding $2,890 for the
test analysis at a Swiss laboratory that led to the case against him. "Why
don't you just pour a little more acid in the wounds?" Haven Hamilton said.
Anti-doping authorities allege that Hamilton received a transfusion of
someone else's blood, a violation of international sports rules, and was
caught at the Tour of Spain. Transfusion has long been known in endurance
sports such as cycling as an efficient, if perhaps physically risky, way to
gain a competitive advantage. More red blood cells can deliver more oxygen,
which boosts endurance.
Hamilton says he is innocent.
"I didn't blood dope, that's for sure," he said in an interview at the
couple's home in the Boulder foothills.
USADA officials declined to comment on the case.
Hamilton's riding team, sponsored by a Swiss company called Phonak, had
clear designs on winning the Tour de France. Hamilton, who as a key
teammate helped Armstrong win his first three Tours, was recruited as the
Phonak team's undisputed leader ? the one the other riders would try to
shepherd through the grueling three-week race.
Were he to have won the Tour, according to testimony from Phonak chairman
and team owner Andy Rihs, Hamilton "probably would get about a million or
something like this, I would say, dollars, maybe a little more. ... I think
certainly he would double his salary, that's clear."
Last year, two other Phonak riders tested positive for blood-doping
offenses: Spain's Santiago Perez, for the same sort of transfusion Hamilton
is accused of undergoing, and Switzerland's Oscar Camenzind, who admitted
using a synthetic version of the banned hormone erythropoietin, or EPO. The
substance ? like a transfusion ? boosts red blood cells.
The reason elite athletes are tempted to turn to doping is because it
works, if they don't get caught. Jim Stray-Gunderson, a University of Utah
professor well known in Olympic circles as an expert on cardiovascular
physiology, testified that a small boost of hemoglobin ? the substance
inside red blood cells that carries oxygen to the muscles ? can mean a
45-second difference in a 30-minute race.
"That takes people in ski races or running races from nowhere in the world
to being on the [medal] podium," he told the arbitration panel.
In Hamilton's case, documents reveal a pattern of suspicious results from
so-called "health tests" he underwent last spring and summer. Such health
tests can examine urine, heart and lung functions, and are a regular
feature of life on the pro racing circuit. Athletes receive these extensive
tests at least four times a year, in addition to blood tests typically
administered at 7 a.m. the day of a race.
Under sports protocol, health tests are not be used to prove a doping
offense. "It's an indicator, but it's not a proof," testified Mario
Zorzoli, medical director for the International Cycling Union, which goes
by the acronym UCI.
However, a rider can be kept from starting a particular race if, according
to a complex formula that factors in levels of both hemoglobin and
reticulocytes, or immature blood cells, the reading tops 133. In cycling,
such an index is called an "off score."
Last April 24, in testing before one of cycling's oldest classics, the
Liege-Bastogne-Liege race in eastern Belgium, Hamilton's off score totaled
123.8. The mean score for UCI riders is around 90, Zorzoli said.
Five days later, in testing at the Tour de Romandie in Switzerland,
Hamilton's off score was 132.9. His hematocrit level ? the percentage of
red blood cells in the system ? read 49.7; the allowable limit is 50. His
reticulocyte index measured a very low 0.22.
Hamilton said the numbers can't be viewed as gospel, contending that the
testing machines are prone to varied readings. "The machines aren't
absolute," he said.
For authorities, the combination of a high hematocrit level and low
reticulocyte reading amounts to a red flag. The thinking goes this way: If
immature cell readings are low ? meaning few new red blood cells are in the
works ? a hematocrit reading cannot come out high unless there has been
manipulation of some sort, like an infusion of blood.
In June, UCI officials sent Hamilton a letter saying he was going to be
watched because his "blood values showed strong signs" of "a possible
manipulation."
In August at the Olympics, Hamilton tested positive for blood doping,
according to anti-doping officials. But the Olympic lab in Athens botched
the analysis, they said. The gold medal is still Hamilton's.
Then came the Tour of Spain, where Hamilton tested positive again,
according to USADA. His blood samples, USADA alleges, showed evidence of
someone else's blood ? what scientists call "mixed populations."
Looking at Hamilton's charts, Ross Brown, an Australian scientist called to
testify by USADA, said the "only reasonable explanation" was a transfusion.
He theorized that Hamilton had gone through at least two significant
transfusions, one around the beginning of 2004, another perhaps halfway
through the year, and might have needed only an occasional boost "to top
up" throughout the year.
Hamilton, asked under oath if he'd had multiple transfusions, said, "It's
not true."
He also said the Sept. 11 test was unfair. Time and again, Hamilton's
lawyer, Howard Jacobs of Los Angeles, suggested that the World Anti-Doping
Agency didn't properly vet that mode of testing, according to the
transcript. The test, which looks specifically for evidence of mixed
populations, was put into use just last summer ? midway through the Tour de
France, just weeks before the start of the Olympics.
Even WADA, in a report issued after the Athens Games, said in discussing
Hamilton's Olympic blood test, " ... there is always a risk, when new
methodologies are fast tracked, that problems relating to the very newness
of a process will occur."
According to the transcript, Jacobs suggested two problems with the test:
One, it doesn't produce an objective standard, such as a percentage of
someone else's cells above which an athlete is guilty. An "I know it when I
see it" standard just isn't fair, Jacobs said.
Two, as the experts on both sides of the case agreed, the test confirms
only evidence of a mixed population, not of a transfusion. Jacobs suggested
authorities hadn't properly analyzed the test for false positives ? such as
the possibility of a "vanishing twin" ? before authorizing it.
The fact that Hamilton is not a twin is irrelevant, according to David
Housman, an MIT professor and genetics expert who was the defense's key
witness.
When he teaches beginning medical students, Housman said, he tells them
that one in three pregnancies will go for 10 to 12 weeks, "long enough that
they have a heart and they have blood," and then end spontaneously.
Studies on twins with childhood leukemia, he said, show that the genetic
signature for the disease is the same in both children ? whether identical
or fraternal twins. That means, he said in an interview, that "cells can
pass from one twin to another during the time that they shared a womb
together."
"So put these pieces together and say to yourself, 'I have a blood test
that is looking at whether there are cells from a different person in a
person's body' ? well, the assumption is he had a transfusion and that's
how they got there.
"The truth of the matter is they can get there certainly from a fraternal
twin who has a different genetic identity and bone marrow stem cells can
persist for life. So that's the deal."
USADA and its experts assail that theory as nonsense. They say, for
instance, that blood banks would be dotted with donations containing "mixed
populations" were it true, but they are not. "Maybe he should hire an
exorcist," Dick Pound, the head of WADA, said with a laugh in a telephone
interview, dismissing the notion of a "vanishing twin."
Jacobs, told of Pound's remarks, said: "Last I looked, he isn't a genetics
expert from MIT, he's a tax lawyer from Montreal."
If not a "vanishing twin," then how is it that someone else's blood appears
to have been in Tyler Hamilton's system? "That's the million-dollar
question," Haven Hamilton said. "If we could explain it, we would. We would
tattoo it on our arms."
She testified that among the reasons she is certain her husband would never
have undergone a transfusion was the death last summer of their beloved
golden retriever, Tugboat, who "immediately stroked" after the second of
two transfusions.
Tyler Hamilton had tucked the dog's red tag into his helmet at the
Olympics, and still wears it around his neck on a silver chain. The
Hamiltons now have two new golden retriever puppies, Anchor and Tanker;
each wears a red tag that says: "Believe."
The pups are there to greet Hamilton when he comes home from his long rides.
"If you're a guilty person and it's just a matter of time," Haven Hamilton
said, "you can't go out in the snow and train in that kind of weather. You
can't ? unless you know in your heart you should be out on the bike and you
know in your heart you should be back on the racing circuit."Jack Dempsey
Associated PressJack Dempsey Associated PressIN LIMBO: Tyler Hamilton, who
estimates that his defense has cost him more than $700,000, could face a
two-year ban.'I didn't blood dope, that's for sure,'
Gary Medley
Medley Communications
704 NE 43rd
Portland, Oregon 97213 USA
503/239-3948 tel & fax
garym-@comcast.net
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<body>
Here's the best story I've seen on Hamilton and doping, from the LA
Times.<br><br>
-------------<br><br>
<div align="center"><a href="http://www.latimes.com/">
<img src="cid:6.2.1.2.0.2005041-@mail.comcast.net.1" width=205 height=38 alt="latimes.com">
</a> <br><br>
</div>
<a href="http://www.latimes.com/sports/la-sp-cyclist17apr17,1,6404105.story?coll=la-headlines-sports">
http://www.latimes.com/sports/la-sp-cyclist17apr17,1,6404105.story?coll=la-headlines-sports</a>
<br><br>
<br>
<h1><b>Hamilton Presses His Case<br><br>
<br><br>
</b></h1><h2><b>U.S. Olympic cycling gold medalist, fighting a
blood-doping allegation, will hear from an arbitration panel's ruling
Monday</b></h2>By Alan Abrahamson<br>
Times Staff Writer<br><br>
April 17, 2005<br><br>
BOULDER, Colo. ? Undeterred by a spring storm that dumped up to two feet
of snow on the Rocky Mountain foothills, Tyler Hamilton hopped on his
bike one day last week for a workout, hammering out 80 miles through the
cold and slush.<br><br>
"I like to push my body," he said.<br><br>
After six-time-defending Tour de France champion Lance Armstrong,
Hamilton is arguably America's most accomplished active professional
bicycle racer. He finished fourth in the 2003 Tour de France despite
riding virtually the entire course with a broken collarbone ? a ride that
cemented his reputation for courage and grit. Last summer in Athens,
Hamilton won an Olympic gold medal.<br><br>
But last Sept. 11, at the Tour of Spain, Hamilton allegedly tested
positive for blood doping, a violation that could lead to a two-year ban
from competition. An arbitration panel is expected to announce its
decision Monday, one that could all but end the 34-year-old Hamilton's
career, or clear him to resume riding in the world's top cycling
events.The complex case stands at the intersection of sport, science and
law. A theme central to Hamilton's defense is the notion of a
"vanishing twin" who shared the womb when Hamilton was a fetus
? a point on which there is much speculation but no proof.<br><br>
The Times has obtained key documents before the arbitration panel,
including legal briefs, test results, and the transcript of the hearing
six weeks ago where the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency and Hamilton's defense
team presented their cases. Along with interviews with Hamilton and
others, the paperwork offers an unusually detailed glimpse into an
Olympic-style doping case.<br><br>
No matter the verdict, an appeal is almost assured. USADA, in the midst
of a campaign to rid Olympic sports of doping, has yet to lose a case in
more than two dozen hearings dating to its inception in 2000. Hamilton,
meanwhile, is the rare athlete who is willing and able to mount an
aggressive defense.<br><br>
He and his wife, Haven, estimate the case has cost them more than
$700,000 in legal fees and lost income. His riding team fired
him.<br><br>
"Imagine if this happened to a 23-year-old neophyte [bicycle] rider.
Or a figure skater whose mom and dad mortgaged their home to pay for her
coach and travel. Game over," Haven Hamilton said. "They're not
in a position to spend $300,000, $400,000, $500,000 to fight this fight
and get to the bottom of it."<br><br>
The Hamiltons say they believe the system is stacked against athletes,
citing as evidence a bill he received last week demanding $2,890 for the
test analysis at a Swiss laboratory that led to the case against him.
"Why don't you just pour a little more acid in the wounds?"
Haven Hamilton said.<br><br>
Anti-doping authorities allege that Hamilton received a transfusion of
someone else's blood, a violation of international sports rules, and was
caught at the Tour of Spain. Transfusion has long been known in endurance
sports such as cycling as an efficient, if perhaps physically risky, way
to gain a competitive advantage. More red blood cells can deliver more
oxygen, which boosts endurance.<br><br>
Hamilton says he is innocent.<br><br>
"I didn't blood dope, that's for sure," he said in an interview
at the couple's home in the Boulder foothills.<br><br>
USADA officials declined to comment on the case.<br><br>
Hamilton's riding team, sponsored by a Swiss company called Phonak, had
clear designs on winning the Tour de France. Hamilton, who as a key
teammate helped Armstrong win his first three Tours, was recruited as the
Phonak team's undisputed leader ? the one the other riders would try to
shepherd through the grueling three-week race.<br><br>
Were he to have won the Tour, according to testimony from Phonak chairman
and team owner Andy Rihs, Hamilton "probably would get about a
million or something like this, I would say, dollars, maybe a little
more. ... I think certainly he would double his salary, that's
clear."<br><br>
Last year, two other Phonak riders tested positive for blood-doping
offenses: Spain's Santiago Perez, for the same sort of transfusion
Hamilton is accused of undergoing, and Switzerland's Oscar Camenzind, who
admitted using a synthetic version of the banned hormone erythropoietin,
or EPO. The substance ? like a transfusion ? boosts red blood
cells.<br><br>
The reason elite athletes are tempted to turn to doping is because it
works, if they don't get caught. Jim Stray-Gunderson, a University of
Utah professor well known in Olympic circles as an expert on
cardiovascular physiology, testified that a small boost of hemoglobin ?
the substance inside red blood cells that carries oxygen to the muscles ?
can mean a 45-second difference in a 30-minute race.<br><br>
"That takes people in ski races or running races from nowhere in the
world to being on the [medal] podium," he told the arbitration
panel.<br><br>
In Hamilton's case, documents reveal a pattern of suspicious results from
so-called "health tests" he underwent last spring and summer.
Such health tests can examine urine, heart and lung functions, and are a
regular feature of life on the pro racing circuit. Athletes receive these
extensive tests at least four times a year, in addition to blood tests
typically administered at 7 a.m. the day of a race.<br><br>
Under sports protocol, health tests are not be used to prove a doping
offense. "It's an indicator, but it's not a proof," testified
Mario Zorzoli, medical director for the International Cycling Union,
which goes by the acronym UCI.<br><br>
However, a rider can be kept from starting a particular race if,
according to a complex formula that factors in levels of both hemoglobin
and reticulocytes, or immature blood cells, the reading tops 133. In
cycling, such an index is called an "off score."<br><br>
Last April 24, in testing before one of cycling's oldest classics, the
Liege-Bastogne-Liege race in eastern Belgium, Hamilton's off score
totaled 123.8. The mean score for UCI riders is around 90, Zorzoli
said.<br><br>
Five days later, in testing at the Tour de Romandie in Switzerland,
Hamilton's off score was 132.9. His hematocrit level ? the percentage of
red blood cells in the system ? read 49.7; the allowable limit is 50. His
reticulocyte index measured a very low 0.22.<br><br>
Hamilton said the numbers can't be viewed as gospel, contending that the
testing machines are prone to varied readings. "The machines aren't
absolute," he said.<br><br>
For authorities, the combination of a high hematocrit level and low
reticulocyte reading amounts to a red flag. The thinking goes this way:
If immature cell readings are low ? meaning few new red blood cells are
in the works ? a hematocrit reading cannot come out high unless there has
been manipulation of some sort, like an infusion of blood.<br><br>
In June, UCI officials sent Hamilton a letter saying he was going to be
watched because his "blood values showed strong signs" of
"a possible manipulation."<br><br>
In August at the Olympics, Hamilton tested positive for blood doping,
according to anti-doping officials. But the Olympic lab in Athens botched
the analysis, they said. The gold medal is still Hamilton's.<br><br>
Then came the Tour of Spain, where Hamilton tested positive again,
according to USADA. His blood samples, USADA alleges, showed evidence of
someone else's blood ? what scientists call "mixed
populations."<br><br>
Looking at Hamilton's charts, Ross Brown, an Australian scientist called
to testify by USADA, said the "only reasonable explanation" was
a transfusion. He theorized that Hamilton had gone through at least two
significant transfusions, one around the beginning of 2004, another
perhaps halfway through the year, and might have needed only an
occasional boost "to top up" throughout the year.<br><br>
Hamilton, asked under oath if he'd had multiple transfusions, said,
"It's not true."<br><br>
He also said the Sept. 11 test was unfair. Time and again, Hamilton's
lawyer, Howard Jacobs of Los Angeles, suggested that the World
Anti-Doping Agency didn't properly vet that mode of testing, according to
the transcript. The test, which looks specifically for evidence of mixed
populations, was put into use just last summer ? midway through the Tour
de France, just weeks before the start of the Olympics.<br><br>
Even WADA, in a report issued after the Athens Games, said in discussing
Hamilton's Olympic blood test, " ... there is always a risk, when
new methodologies are fast tracked, that problems relating to the very
newness of a process will occur."<br><br>
According to the transcript, Jacobs suggested two problems with the
test:<br><br>
One, it doesn't produce an objective standard, such as a percentage of
someone else's cells above which an athlete is guilty. An "I know it
when I see it" standard just isn't fair, Jacobs said.<br><br>
Two, as the experts on both sides of the case agreed, the test confirms
only evidence of a mixed population, not of a transfusion. Jacobs
suggested authorities hadn't properly analyzed the test for false
positives ? such as the possibility of a "vanishing twin" ?
before authorizing it.<br><br>
The fact that Hamilton is not a twin is irrelevant, according to David
Housman, an MIT professor and genetics expert who was the defense's key
witness.<br><br>
When he teaches beginning medical students, Housman said, he tells them
that one in three pregnancies will go for 10 to 12 weeks, "long
enough that they have a heart and they have blood," and then end
spontaneously.<br><br>
Studies on twins with childhood leukemia, he said, show that the genetic
signature for the disease is the same in both children ? whether
identical or fraternal twins. That means, he said in an interview, that
"cells can pass from one twin to another during the time that they
shared a womb together."<br><br>
"So put these pieces together and say to yourself, 'I have a blood
test that is looking at whether there are cells from a different person
in a person's body' ? well, the assumption is he had a transfusion and
that's how they got there.<br><br>
"The truth of the matter is they can get there certainly from a
fraternal twin who has a different genetic identity and bone marrow stem
cells can persist for life. So that's the deal."<br><br>
USADA and its experts assail that theory as nonsense. They say, for
instance, that blood banks would be dotted with donations containing
"mixed populations" were it true, but they are not. "Maybe
he should hire an exorcist," Dick Pound, the head of WADA, said with
a laugh in a telephone interview, dismissing the notion of a
"vanishing twin."<br><br>
Jacobs, told of Pound's remarks, said: "Last I looked, he isn't a
genetics expert from MIT, he's a tax lawyer from Montreal."<br><br>
If not a "vanishing twin," then how is it that someone else's
blood appears to have been in Tyler Hamilton's system? "That's the
million-dollar question," Haven Hamilton said. "If we could
explain it, we would. We would tattoo it on our arms."<br><br>
She testified that among the reasons she is certain her husband would
never have undergone a transfusion was the death last summer of their
beloved golden retriever, Tugboat, who "immediately stroked"
after the second of two transfusions.<br><br>
Tyler Hamilton had tucked the dog's red tag into his helmet at the
Olympics, and still wears it around his neck on a silver chain. The
Hamiltons now have two new golden retriever puppies, Anchor and Tanker;
each wears a red tag that says: "Believe."<br><br>
The pups are there to greet Hamilton when he comes home from his long
rides.<br><br>
"If you're a guilty person and it's just a matter of time,"
Haven Hamilton said, "you can't go out in the snow and train in that
kind of weather. You can't ? unless you know in your heart you should be
out on the bike and you know in your heart you should be back on the
racing circuit."Jack Dempsey Associated PressJack Dempsey Associated
PressIN LIMBO: Tyler Hamilton, who estimates that his defense has cost
him more than $700,000, could face a two-year ban.'I didn't blood dope,
that's for sure,'<br><br>
<br><br>
<br><br>
<x-sigsep><p></x-sigsep>
Gary Medley<br>
Medley Communications<br>
704 NE 43rd<br>
Portland, Oregon 97213 USA<br>
503/239-3948 tel & fax<br>
garym-@comcast.net </body>
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--=====================_1684500==.REL--
--=======AVGMAIL-4261F81D004F=======
Content-Type: text/plain; x-avg=cert; charset=us-ascii; x-avg-checked=avg-ok-5E0F2552
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Description: "AVG certification"
No virus found in this outgoing message.
Checked by AVG Anti-Virus.
Version: 7.0.308 / Virus Database: 266.9.13 - Release Date: 4/16/2005
--=======AVGMAIL-4261F81D004F=======--