Mojo and saddles

nelle-@earthlink.net

2005-10-09



I read the NYTimes article and others that came out a number of yrs ago

on this subject. I'm not a urologist but it's hard to know what to make

of it all. I can imagine there are many cylist rider variables that

weren't studied unless the researchers were cyclists themselves or knew

cycling well. In regard to osteoporosis, I was told once by an

endocrinologist that cycling put a lot of stress on bone. This woman was

obese herself. I am a physician like she is, not an endocrinologist,

but I knew way more than she did about exercise and cycling. Though

they are now reporting that cyclists do lose calcium and therefore need

to take in more than the average person, there still isn't much data on

serious recreational cyclists like most of the OBRA crowd. Studies are

often done on elite athletes, occasional on teens.



A huge nod YES to Tre Hendricks note below!!! There have been a number

of studies showing that men who are more fit have much less impotence.

It's all about blood flow.



Ellen Michaelson, MD

HealthMax, LLC

Primary Care Specialists

2050 NW Lovejoy, #1

Portland, OR 97209

(503)243-6614



jakebigham wrote:



 Yeah - hear-hear. I agree about staying reasonably fit and my libido

has never suffered from riding, but then I rarely do more than 200

miles in any given week- average is more like 100- so I don't think I

spend enough time in the saddle to worry. I have changed my saddle

fit to a more nose down position however and I notice that I no

longer get any numbness ever.



On Oct 7, 2005, at 6:06 PM, Tre Hendricks wrote:



 I wonder if the data showing that cyclists who ride a ton have

greater incidence of impotence was conducted on training riders or

riders who are in a rest period. Hormones play a big role.

Overtraining kills sex drive. Likewise, stopping training after

doing so for long periods can depression, which often comes along

with reduced sex drive. My dad led a poor lifestyle with no exercise

and died of a heart attack at 49. I can guarantee you that he isn't

having any sex. I'll take my chances being fit and healthy on my

bike.



 



---- Original Message ----

From: jakeb-@mac.com

To: ob-@topica.com

Subject: RE: [OBRA Chat] Mojo and saddles

Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 16:18:27 -0700





 A delicate topic perhaps... Have you seen this latest article on

mojo



 and bike saddles? I know this topic appears from time to time but

this study seems more serious than the more anecdotal evidence/

studies of the past.





http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/04/health/nutrition/04bike.html?

incamp=article_popular







reprint below in case the link doesn't work:

?







October 4, 2005



Serious Riders, Your Bicycle Seat May Affect Your Love Life



By SANDRA BLAKESLEE

A raft of new studies suggest that cyclists, particularly men,

should



 be careful which bicycle seats they choose.



The studies add to earlier evidence that traditional bicycle

saddles,



 the kind with a narrow rear and pointy nose, play a role in sexual

impotence.



Some saddle designs are more damaging than others, scientists say.

But even so-called ergonomic seats, to protect the sex organs, can

be



 harmful, the research finds. The dozen or so studies, from peer-

reviewed journals, are summarized in three articles in September's

Journal of Sexual Medicine.



In a bluntly worded editorial with the articles, Dr. Steven

Schrader,



 a reproductive health expert who studies cycling at the National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, said he believed that





 it was no longer a question of "whether or not bicycle riding on a

saddle causes erectile dysfunction."



Instead, he said in an interview, "The question is, What are we

going



 to do about it?"



The studies, by researchers at Boston University and in Italy, found





 that the more a person rides, the greater the risk of impotence or

loss of libido. And researchers in Austria have found that many

mountain bikers experience saddle-related trauma that leads to small





 calcified masses inside the scrotum.



This does not mean that people should stop cycling, Dr. Schrader

said. And those who ride bikes rarely or for short periods need not





 worry.



But riders who spend many hours on a bike each week should be

concerned, he said. And he suggested that the bicycle industry

design



 safer saddles and stop trivializing the risks of the existing seats.



A spokesman for the industry said it was aware of the issue and

added



 that "new designs are coming out."



"Most people are not riding long enough to damage themselves

permanently," said the spokesman, Marc Sani, publisher of Bicycle

Retailer and Industry News. "But a consumer's first line of defense,





 for their enthusiasm as well as sexual prowess, is to go to a

bicycle



 retailer and get fitted properly on the bike."



Researchers have estimated that 5 percent of men who ride bikes

intensively have developed severe to moderate erectile dysfunction

as



 a result. But some experts believe that the numbers may be much

higher because many men are too embarrassed to talk about it or fail





 to associate cycling with their problems in the bedroom.



The link between bicycle saddles and impotence first received public





 attention in 1997 when a Boston urologist, Dr. Irwin Goldstein, who





 had studied the problem, asserted that "there are only two kinds of





 male cyclists - those who are impotent and those who will be

impotent."



 

Cyclists became angry and defensive, he said, adding: "They said

cycling is healthy and could not possibly hurt you. Sure you can get





 numb. But impotent? No way."



The bicycle industry listened, said Joshua Cohen, a physical

therapist in Chapel Hill, N.C., and the author of "Finding the

Perfect Bicycle Seat." Manufacturers designed dozens of new saddles





 with cut outs, splits in the back and thick gel padding to relieve

pressure on tender body parts.



Scientists also stepped up their research. Since 2000, a dozen

studies have been carried out using sophisticated tools to see

exactly what happens when vulnerable human anatomy meets the bicycle





 saddle.



The area in question is the perineum, between the external genitals





 and the anus. "When you sit on a chair you never put weight on the

perineum," Dr. Schrader said. "But when you sit on a bike, you

increase pressure on the perineum" sevenfold.



In men, a sheath in the perineum, called Alcock's canal, contains an





 artery and a nerve that supply the penis with blood and sensation.

The canal runs along the side of a bone, Dr. Goldstein said, and

when



 a cyclist sits hard on a narrow saddle, the artery and the nerve are





 compressed. Over time, a reduction of blood flow can mean that there





 is not enough pressure to achieve full erection.



In women, Dr. Goldstein said, the same arteries and nerves engorge

the clitoris during sexual intercourse. Women cyclists have not been





 studied as much, he added, but they probably suffer the same

injuries.



 

Researchers are using a variety of methods to study the compression





 caused by different saddles. One method involves draping a special

pad with 900 pressure sensors over the saddle. The distribution of

the rider's weight is then registered on a computer. In another

technique, sensors are placed on the rider's penis to measure oxygen





 flowing through arteries beneath the skin. Blood flow is detected by





 other sensors that send a "swoosh" sound to a Doppler machine.



The research shows that when riders sit on a classic saddle with a

teardrop shape and a long nose, a quarter of their body weight rests





 on the nose, putting pressure on the perineum. The amount of oxygen





 reaching the penis typically falls 70 percent to 80 percent in three





 minutes. "A guy can sit on a saddle and have his penis oxygen levels





 drop 100 percent but he doesn't know it," Mr. Cohen said. "After

half



 an hour he goes numb."



Dr. Goldstein added, "Numbness is your body telling you something is





 wrong."



Today's ergonomic saddles have splits in the back or holes in the

center to relieve pressure on the perineum. But this may make

matters



 worse: the ergonomic saddles have smaller surface areas, so the

rider's weight presses harder on less saddle, Dr. Schrader said. The





 perineum may not escape injury because its arteries run laterally

and



 they are not directly over the cutouts. The arteries can come under





 more pressure when they come into contact with the cutouts' edges.



Thick gels on saddles can also increase pressure to the perineum,

the



 studies found, because the material can migrate and form clumps in

all the wrong places.



Just as many smokers do not get lung cancer, many cyclists will

never



 develop impotence from bicycle seats, the scientists said. What

makes



 one person more vulnerable than another is not known. Body weight

seems to matter: heavier riders exert more pressure on saddles.

Variations in anatomy may also make a difference.



Dr. Goldstein said he often saw patients who were stunned to learn

that riding a bicycle led to their impotence. One middle-aged man

rode in a special cycling event to honor a friend and has been

impotent since. A 28-year-old who came in for testing, Dr Goldstein





 said, showed the penile blood flow of a 60-year-old. A college

student who had competed in rough cycling sports was unable to

achieve an erection until microvascular surgery restored penile

blood



 flow.



"We make kids wear helmets and knee pads," Dr. Goldstein said. "But





 no one thinks about protecting the crotch."



The safest seats and saddles, experts say, force the rider to sit

back firmly on the sit bones so the perineum is protected.



Dr. Schrader advocates saddles that do not have noses. After finding





 that traditional saddles reduced the quality of nighttime erections





 in young policemen who patrol on bicycles, he has persuaded scores

of



 officers in several cities to use noseless seats and is now studying





 the officers' sexual function over six months.



Nunzio Lamaestra, a 46-year-old police officer in San Antonio, said





 he appreciated his noseless bicycle saddle.



"You get used to riding without the nose," he said. "I can do

everything, including ride with no hands."



To respond to the whole group send to ob-@topica.com.

To respond to the list manager send to cmur-@obra.org

To unsubscribe send to obra-uns-@topica.com



To respond to the whole group send to ob-@topica.com.

To respond to the list manager send to cmur-@obra.org

To unsubscribe send to obra-uns-@topica.com



To respond to the whole group send to ob-@topica.com.

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To unsubscribe send to obra-uns-@topica.com



Gary Malcolm

2005-10-09

From a presentation at The NYU Medial Center at a Urology Conference:



" the general male population, cyclists were half as likely to suffer severe

impotence and 1/3 as likely to suffer any form of impotence. The conclusion

he

drew from the study is that cycling may not be as beneficial as swimming at

mitigating or eliminating impotence. Also he concluded, at a minimum cycling

does not expose riders to a higher risk of impotence."





"The other major study was AUA abstract 941, titled 'You don't have to ride

in

the Tour de France'. This was a backwards study in which 1600 men with ED

were

surveyed and the 81 men self reporting that they believed bicycling was 50%

responsible for their ED were studied. From this the authors concluded that

'Bicycle riding associated impotence occurs in different forms of bicycle

riding and riding exposures.' In my shop a customer will come in with a flat

tire, and he will often tell me why he got a flat. He will be wrong about

the

tire being punctured 2% of the time and wrong about the cause of the flat

50%

of the time, I wonder if these same people can diagnose why they got a flat

penis."



Gary



Duncan Calver

2005-10-08





     Another factor for impotence or lack of a sex drive for male cyclists

isn't even related to the saddle. To elaborate what Tre Hendriks wrote, I

also read a study that said endurance training of any kind

(cycling/swimming/running) for longer than 2 hours decreases baseline serum

testosterone levels by 40%-60% for 12 hours or more. The very nature of

training for bike racing consistently causes low testosterone levels. Not

having structured rest days/weeks from training increases the likelihood of

chronically low testosterone levels, leading to low energy, decreasing

muscle mass, impotence, apathy, etc..all the commonly known signs of

overtraining.



However, if your unit is NUMB when you're finished with a 4 hour ride, that

is not related to low tesosterone levels: that is a bad saddle.



I recommend the Selle Italia SLK. Very nice for the mojo.



 From: jakebigham <jakeb-@mac.com>

Reply-To: jakeb-@mac.com

To: Tre Hendricks <hendr-@gorge.net>, 'obra' Remailer <ob-@topica.com>

Subject: Re: [OBRA Chat] Mojo and saddles

Date: Sat, 8 Oct 2005 14:21:48 -0700



Yeah - hear-hear. I agree about staying reasonably fit and my libido has

never suffered from riding, but then I rarely do more than 200 miles in

any given week- average is more like 100- so I don't think I spend enough

time in the saddle to worry. I have changed my saddle fit to a more nose

down position however and I notice that I no longer get any numbness ever.



On Oct 7, 2005, at 6:06 PM, Tre Hendricks wrote:



 I wonder if the data showing that cyclists who ride a ton have

greater incidence of impotence was conducted on training riders or

riders who are in a rest period. Hormones play a big role.

Overtraining kills sex drive. Likewise, stopping training after

doing so for long periods can depression, which often comes along

with reduced sex drive. My dad led a poor lifestyle with no exercise

and died of a heart attack at 49. I can guarantee you that he isn't

having any sex. I'll take my chances being fit and healthy on my

bike.



 



---- Original Message ----

From: jakeb-@mac.com

To: ob-@topica.com

Subject: RE: [OBRA Chat] Mojo and saddles

Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 16:18:27 -0700





 A delicate topic perhaps... Have you seen this latest article on

mojo



 and bike saddles? I know this topic appears from time to time but

this study seems more serious than the more anecdotal evidence/

studies of the past.





http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/04/health/nutrition/04bike.html?

incamp=article_popular







reprint below in case the link doesn't work:

?







October 4, 2005



Serious Riders, Your Bicycle Seat May Affect Your Love Life



By SANDRA BLAKESLEE

A raft of new studies suggest that cyclists, particularly men,

should



 be careful which bicycle seats they choose.



The studies add to earlier evidence that traditional bicycle

saddles,



 the kind with a narrow rear and pointy nose, play a role in sexual

impotence.



Some saddle designs are more damaging than others, scientists say.

But even so-called ergonomic seats, to protect the sex organs, can

be



 harmful, the research finds. The dozen or so studies, from peer-

reviewed journals, are summarized in three articles in September's

Journal of Sexual Medicine.



In a bluntly worded editorial with the articles, Dr. Steven

Schrader,



 a reproductive health expert who studies cycling at the National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, said he believed that





 it was no longer a question of "whether or not bicycle riding on a

saddle causes erectile dysfunction."



Instead, he said in an interview, "The question is, What are we

going



 to do about it?"



The studies, by researchers at Boston University and in Italy, found





 that the more a person rides, the greater the risk of impotence or

loss of libido. And researchers in Austria have found that many

mountain bikers experience saddle-related trauma that leads to small





 calcified masses inside the scrotum.



This does not mean that people should stop cycling, Dr. Schrader

said. And those who ride bikes rarely or for short periods need not





 worry.



But riders who spend many hours on a bike each week should be

concerned, he said. And he suggested that the bicycle industry

design



 safer saddles and stop trivializing the risks of the existing seats.



A spokesman for the industry said it was aware of the issue and

added



 that "new designs are coming out."



"Most people are not riding long enough to damage themselves

permanently," said the spokesman, Marc Sani, publisher of Bicycle

Retailer and Industry News. "But a consumer's first line of defense,





 for their enthusiasm as well as sexual prowess, is to go to a

bicycle



 retailer and get fitted properly on the bike."



Researchers have estimated that 5 percent of men who ride bikes

intensively have developed severe to moderate erectile dysfunction

as



 a result. But some experts believe that the numbers may be much

higher because many men are too embarrassed to talk about it or fail





 to associate cycling with their problems in the bedroom.



The link between bicycle saddles and impotence first received public





 attention in 1997 when a Boston urologist, Dr. Irwin Goldstein, who





 had studied the problem, asserted that "there are only two kinds of





 male cyclists - those who are impotent and those who will be

impotent."



 

Cyclists became angry and defensive, he said, adding: "They said

cycling is healthy and could not possibly hurt you. Sure you can get





 numb. But impotent? No way."



The bicycle industry listened, said Joshua Cohen, a physical

therapist in Chapel Hill, N.C., and the author of "Finding the

Perfect Bicycle Seat." Manufacturers designed dozens of new saddles





 with cut outs, splits in the back and thick gel padding to relieve

pressure on tender body parts.



Scientists also stepped up their research. Since 2000, a dozen

studies have been carried out using sophisticated tools to see

exactly what happens when vulnerable human anatomy meets the bicycle





 saddle.



The area in question is the perineum, between the external genitals





 and the anus. "When you sit on a chair you never put weight on the

perineum," Dr. Schrader said. "But when you sit on a bike, you

increase pressure on the perineum" sevenfold.



In men, a sheath in the perineum, called Alcock's canal, contains an





 artery and a nerve that supply the penis with blood and sensation.

The canal runs along the side of a bone, Dr. Goldstein said, and

when



 a cyclist sits hard on a narrow saddle, the artery and the nerve are





 compressed. Over time, a reduction of blood flow can mean that there





 is not enough pressure to achieve full erection.



In women, Dr. Goldstein said, the same arteries and nerves engorge

the clitoris during sexual intercourse. Women cyclists have not been





 studied as much, he added, but they probably suffer the same

injuries.



 

Researchers are using a variety of methods to study the compression





 caused by different saddles. One method involves draping a special

pad with 900 pressure sensors over the saddle. The distribution of

the rider's weight is then registered on a computer. In another

technique, sensors are placed on the rider's penis to measure oxygen





 flowing through arteries beneath the skin. Blood flow is detected by





 other sensors that send a "swoosh" sound to a Doppler machine.



The research shows that when riders sit on a classic saddle with a

teardrop shape and a long nose, a quarter of their body weight rests





 on the nose, putting pressure on the perineum. The amount of oxygen





 reaching the penis typically falls 70 percent to 80 percent in three





 minutes. "A guy can sit on a saddle and have his penis oxygen levels





 drop 100 percent but he doesn't know it," Mr. Cohen said. "After

half



 an hour he goes numb."



Dr. Goldstein added, "Numbness is your body telling you something is





 wrong."



Today's ergonomic saddles have splits in the back or holes in the

center to relieve pressure on the perineum. But this may make

matters



 worse: the ergonomic saddles have smaller surface areas, so the

rider's weight presses harder on less saddle, Dr. Schrader said. The





 perineum may not escape injury because its arteries run laterally

and



 they are not directly over the cutouts. The arteries can come under





 more pressure when they come into contact with the cutouts' edges.



Thick gels on saddles can also increase pressure to the perineum,

the



 studies found, because the material can migrate and form clumps in

all the wrong places.



Just as many smokers do not get lung cancer, many cyclists will

never



 develop impotence from bicycle seats, the scientists said. What

makes



 one person more vulnerable than another is not known. Body weight

seems to matter: heavier riders exert more pressure on saddles.

Variations in anatomy may also make a difference.



Dr. Goldstein said he often saw patients who were stunned to learn

that riding a bicycle led to their impotence. One middle-aged man

rode in a special cycling event to honor a friend and has been

impotent since. A 28-year-old who came in for testing, Dr Goldstein





 said, showed the penile blood flow of a 60-year-old. A college

student who had competed in rough cycling sports was unable to

achieve an erection until microvascular surgery restored penile

blood



 flow.



"We make kids wear helmets and knee pads," Dr. Goldstein said. "But





 no one thinks about protecting the crotch."



The safest seats and saddles, experts say, force the rider to sit

back firmly on the sit bones so the perineum is protected.



Dr. Schrader advocates saddles that do not have noses. After finding





 that traditional saddles reduced the quality of nighttime erections





 in young policemen who patrol on bicycles, he has persuaded scores

of



 officers in several cities to use noseless seats and is now studying





 the officers' sexual function over six months.



Nunzio Lamaestra, a 46-year-old police officer in San Antonio, said





 he appreciated his noseless bicycle saddle.



"You get used to riding without the nose," he said. "I can do

everything, including ride with no hands."



To respond to the whole group send to ob-@topica.com.

To respond to the list manager send to cmur-@obra.org

To unsubscribe send to obra-uns-@topica.com



To respond to the whole group send to ob-@topica.com.

To respond to the list manager send to cmur-@obra.org

To unsubscribe send to obra-uns-@topica.com



To respond to the whole group send to ob-@topica.com.

To respond to the list manager send to cmur-@obra.org

To unsubscribe send to obra-uns-@topica.com



jakebigham

2005-10-08



Yeah - hear-hear. I agree about staying reasonably fit and my libido

has never suffered from riding, but then I rarely do more than 200

miles in any given week- average is more like 100- so I don't think I

spend enough time in the saddle to worry. I have changed my saddle

fit to a more nose down position however and I notice that I no

longer get any numbness ever.



On Oct 7, 2005, at 6:06 PM, Tre Hendricks wrote:



 I wonder if the data showing that cyclists who ride a ton have

greater incidence of impotence was conducted on training riders or

riders who are in a rest period. Hormones play a big role.

Overtraining kills sex drive. Likewise, stopping training after

doing so for long periods can depression, which often comes along

with reduced sex drive. My dad led a poor lifestyle with no exercise

and died of a heart attack at 49. I can guarantee you that he isn't

having any sex. I'll take my chances being fit and healthy on my

bike.



 



---- Original Message ----

From: jakeb-@mac.com

To: ob-@topica.com

Subject: RE: [OBRA Chat] Mojo and saddles

Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 16:18:27 -0700





 A delicate topic perhaps... Have you seen this latest article on

mojo



 and bike saddles? I know this topic appears from time to time but

this study seems more serious than the more anecdotal evidence/

studies of the past.





http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/04/health/nutrition/04bike.html?

incamp=article_popular







reprint below in case the link doesn't work:

?







October 4, 2005



Serious Riders, Your Bicycle Seat May Affect Your Love Life



By SANDRA BLAKESLEE

A raft of new studies suggest that cyclists, particularly men,

should



 be careful which bicycle seats they choose.



The studies add to earlier evidence that traditional bicycle

saddles,



 the kind with a narrow rear and pointy nose, play a role in sexual

impotence.



Some saddle designs are more damaging than others, scientists say.

But even so-called ergonomic seats, to protect the sex organs, can

be



 harmful, the research finds. The dozen or so studies, from peer-

reviewed journals, are summarized in three articles in September's

Journal of Sexual Medicine.



In a bluntly worded editorial with the articles, Dr. Steven

Schrader,



 a reproductive health expert who studies cycling at the National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, said he believed that





 it was no longer a question of "whether or not bicycle riding on a

saddle causes erectile dysfunction."



Instead, he said in an interview, "The question is, What are we

going



 to do about it?"



The studies, by researchers at Boston University and in Italy, found





 that the more a person rides, the greater the risk of impotence or

loss of libido. And researchers in Austria have found that many

mountain bikers experience saddle-related trauma that leads to small





 calcified masses inside the scrotum.



This does not mean that people should stop cycling, Dr. Schrader

said. And those who ride bikes rarely or for short periods need not





 worry.



But riders who spend many hours on a bike each week should be

concerned, he said. And he suggested that the bicycle industry

design



 safer saddles and stop trivializing the risks of the existing seats.



A spokesman for the industry said it was aware of the issue and

added



 that "new designs are coming out."



"Most people are not riding long enough to damage themselves

permanently," said the spokesman, Marc Sani, publisher of Bicycle

Retailer and Industry News. "But a consumer's first line of defense,





 for their enthusiasm as well as sexual prowess, is to go to a

bicycle



 retailer and get fitted properly on the bike."



Researchers have estimated that 5 percent of men who ride bikes

intensively have developed severe to moderate erectile dysfunction

as



 a result. But some experts believe that the numbers may be much

higher because many men are too embarrassed to talk about it or fail





 to associate cycling with their problems in the bedroom.



The link between bicycle saddles and impotence first received public





 attention in 1997 when a Boston urologist, Dr. Irwin Goldstein, who





 had studied the problem, asserted that "there are only two kinds of





 male cyclists - those who are impotent and those who will be

impotent."



 

Cyclists became angry and defensive, he said, adding: "They said

cycling is healthy and could not possibly hurt you. Sure you can get





 numb. But impotent? No way."



The bicycle industry listened, said Joshua Cohen, a physical

therapist in Chapel Hill, N.C., and the author of "Finding the

Perfect Bicycle Seat." Manufacturers designed dozens of new saddles





 with cut outs, splits in the back and thick gel padding to relieve

pressure on tender body parts.



Scientists also stepped up their research. Since 2000, a dozen

studies have been carried out using sophisticated tools to see

exactly what happens when vulnerable human anatomy meets the bicycle





 saddle.



The area in question is the perineum, between the external genitals





 and the anus. "When you sit on a chair you never put weight on the

perineum," Dr. Schrader said. "But when you sit on a bike, you

increase pressure on the perineum" sevenfold.



In men, a sheath in the perineum, called Alcock's canal, contains an





 artery and a nerve that supply the penis with blood and sensation.

The canal runs along the side of a bone, Dr. Goldstein said, and

when



 a cyclist sits hard on a narrow saddle, the artery and the nerve are





 compressed. Over time, a reduction of blood flow can mean that there





 is not enough pressure to achieve full erection.



In women, Dr. Goldstein said, the same arteries and nerves engorge

the clitoris during sexual intercourse. Women cyclists have not been





 studied as much, he added, but they probably suffer the same

injuries.



 

Researchers are using a variety of methods to study the compression





 caused by different saddles. One method involves draping a special

pad with 900 pressure sensors over the saddle. The distribution of

the rider's weight is then registered on a computer. In another

technique, sensors are placed on the rider's penis to measure oxygen





 flowing through arteries beneath the skin. Blood flow is detected by





 other sensors that send a "swoosh" sound to a Doppler machine.



The research shows that when riders sit on a classic saddle with a

teardrop shape and a long nose, a quarter of their body weight rests





 on the nose, putting pressure on the perineum. The amount of oxygen





 reaching the penis typically falls 70 percent to 80 percent in three





 minutes. "A guy can sit on a saddle and have his penis oxygen levels





 drop 100 percent but he doesn't know it," Mr. Cohen said. "After

half



 an hour he goes numb."



Dr. Goldstein added, "Numbness is your body telling you something is





 wrong."



Today's ergonomic saddles have splits in the back or holes in the

center to relieve pressure on the perineum. But this may make

matters



 worse: the ergonomic saddles have smaller surface areas, so the

rider's weight presses harder on less saddle, Dr. Schrader said. The





 perineum may not escape injury because its arteries run laterally

and



 they are not directly over the cutouts. The arteries can come under





 more pressure when they come into contact with the cutouts' edges.



Thick gels on saddles can also increase pressure to the perineum,

the



 studies found, because the material can migrate and form clumps in

all the wrong places.



Just as many smokers do not get lung cancer, many cyclists will

never



 develop impotence from bicycle seats, the scientists said. What

makes



 one person more vulnerable than another is not known. Body weight

seems to matter: heavier riders exert more pressure on saddles.

Variations in anatomy may also make a difference.



Dr. Goldstein said he often saw patients who were stunned to learn

that riding a bicycle led to their impotence. One middle-aged man

rode in a special cycling event to honor a friend and has been

impotent since. A 28-year-old who came in for testing, Dr Goldstein





 said, showed the penile blood flow of a 60-year-old. A college

student who had competed in rough cycling sports was unable to

achieve an erection until microvascular surgery restored penile

blood



 flow.



"We make kids wear helmets and knee pads," Dr. Goldstein said. "But





 no one thinks about protecting the crotch."



The safest seats and saddles, experts say, force the rider to sit

back firmly on the sit bones so the perineum is protected.



Dr. Schrader advocates saddles that do not have noses. After finding





 that traditional saddles reduced the quality of nighttime erections





 in young policemen who patrol on bicycles, he has persuaded scores

of



 officers in several cities to use noseless seats and is now studying





 the officers' sexual function over six months.



Nunzio Lamaestra, a 46-year-old police officer in San Antonio, said





 he appreciated his noseless bicycle saddle.



"You get used to riding without the nose," he said. "I can do

everything, including ride with no hands."



To respond to the whole group send to ob-@topica.com.

To respond to the list manager send to cmur-@obra.org

To unsubscribe send to obra-uns-@topica.com



To respond to the whole group send to ob-@topica.com.

To respond to the list manager send to cmur-@obra.org

To unsubscribe send to obra-uns-@topica.com



hendr-@gorge.net

2005-10-07



I wonder if the data showing that cyclists who ride a ton have

greater incidence of impotence was conducted on training riders or

riders who are in a rest period. Hormones play a big role.

Overtraining kills sex drive. Likewise, stopping training after

doing so for long periods can depression, which often comes along

with reduced sex drive. My dad led a poor lifestyle with no exercise

and died of a heart attack at 49. I can guarantee you that he isn't

having any sex. I'll take my chances being fit and healthy on my

bike.

 



---- Original Message ----

From: jakeb-@mac.com

To: ob-@topica.com

Subject: RE: [OBRA Chat] Mojo and saddles

Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 16:18:27 -0700



 A delicate topic perhaps... Have you seen this latest article on

mojo

 and bike saddles? I know this topic appears from time to time but

this study seems more serious than the more anecdotal evidence/

studies of the past.





http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/04/health/nutrition/04bike.html?

incamp=article_popular







reprint below in case the link doesn't work:

?







October 4, 2005



Serious Riders, Your Bicycle Seat May Affect Your Love Life



By SANDRA BLAKESLEE

A raft of new studies suggest that cyclists, particularly men,

should

 be careful which bicycle seats they choose.



The studies add to earlier evidence that traditional bicycle

saddles,

 the kind with a narrow rear and pointy nose, play a role in sexual

impotence.



Some saddle designs are more damaging than others, scientists say.

But even so-called ergonomic seats, to protect the sex organs, can

be

 harmful, the research finds. The dozen or so studies, from peer-

reviewed journals, are summarized in three articles in September's

Journal of Sexual Medicine.



In a bluntly worded editorial with the articles, Dr. Steven

Schrader,

 a reproductive health expert who studies cycling at the National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, said he believed that



 it was no longer a question of "whether or not bicycle riding on a

saddle causes erectile dysfunction."



Instead, he said in an interview, "The question is, What are we

going

 to do about it?"



The studies, by researchers at Boston University and in Italy, found



 that the more a person rides, the greater the risk of impotence or

loss of libido. And researchers in Austria have found that many

mountain bikers experience saddle-related trauma that leads to small



 calcified masses inside the scrotum.



This does not mean that people should stop cycling, Dr. Schrader

said. And those who ride bikes rarely or for short periods need not



 worry.



But riders who spend many hours on a bike each week should be

concerned, he said. And he suggested that the bicycle industry

design

 safer saddles and stop trivializing the risks of the existing seats.



A spokesman for the industry said it was aware of the issue and

added

 that "new designs are coming out."



"Most people are not riding long enough to damage themselves

permanently," said the spokesman, Marc Sani, publisher of Bicycle

Retailer and Industry News. "But a consumer's first line of defense,



 for their enthusiasm as well as sexual prowess, is to go to a

bicycle

 retailer and get fitted properly on the bike."



Researchers have estimated that 5 percent of men who ride bikes

intensively have developed severe to moderate erectile dysfunction

as

 a result. But some experts believe that the numbers may be much

higher because many men are too embarrassed to talk about it or fail



 to associate cycling with their problems in the bedroom.



The link between bicycle saddles and impotence first received public



 attention in 1997 when a Boston urologist, Dr. Irwin Goldstein, who



 had studied the problem, asserted that "there are only two kinds of



 male cyclists - those who are impotent and those who will be

impotent."

 

Cyclists became angry and defensive, he said, adding: "They said

cycling is healthy and could not possibly hurt you. Sure you can get



 numb. But impotent? No way."



The bicycle industry listened, said Joshua Cohen, a physical

therapist in Chapel Hill, N.C., and the author of "Finding the

Perfect Bicycle Seat." Manufacturers designed dozens of new saddles



 with cut outs, splits in the back and thick gel padding to relieve

pressure on tender body parts.



Scientists also stepped up their research. Since 2000, a dozen

studies have been carried out using sophisticated tools to see

exactly what happens when vulnerable human anatomy meets the bicycle



 saddle.



The area in question is the perineum, between the external genitals



 and the anus. "When you sit on a chair you never put weight on the

perineum," Dr. Schrader said. "But when you sit on a bike, you

increase pressure on the perineum" sevenfold.



In men, a sheath in the perineum, called Alcock's canal, contains an



 artery and a nerve that supply the penis with blood and sensation.

The canal runs along the side of a bone, Dr. Goldstein said, and

when

 a cyclist sits hard on a narrow saddle, the artery and the nerve are



 compressed. Over time, a reduction of blood flow can mean that there



 is not enough pressure to achieve full erection.



In women, Dr. Goldstein said, the same arteries and nerves engorge

the clitoris during sexual intercourse. Women cyclists have not been



 studied as much, he added, but they probably suffer the same

injuries.

 

Researchers are using a variety of methods to study the compression



 caused by different saddles. One method involves draping a special

pad with 900 pressure sensors over the saddle. The distribution of

the rider's weight is then registered on a computer. In another

technique, sensors are placed on the rider's penis to measure oxygen



 flowing through arteries beneath the skin. Blood flow is detected by



 other sensors that send a "swoosh" sound to a Doppler machine.



The research shows that when riders sit on a classic saddle with a

teardrop shape and a long nose, a quarter of their body weight rests



 on the nose, putting pressure on the perineum. The amount of oxygen



 reaching the penis typically falls 70 percent to 80 percent in three



 minutes. "A guy can sit on a saddle and have his penis oxygen levels



 drop 100 percent but he doesn't know it," Mr. Cohen said. "After

half

 an hour he goes numb."



Dr. Goldstein added, "Numbness is your body telling you something is



 wrong."



Today's ergonomic saddles have splits in the back or holes in the

center to relieve pressure on the perineum. But this may make

matters

 worse: the ergonomic saddles have smaller surface areas, so the

rider's weight presses harder on less saddle, Dr. Schrader said. The



 perineum may not escape injury because its arteries run laterally

and

 they are not directly over the cutouts. The arteries can come under



 more pressure when they come into contact with the cutouts' edges.



Thick gels on saddles can also increase pressure to the perineum,

the

 studies found, because the material can migrate and form clumps in

all the wrong places.



Just as many smokers do not get lung cancer, many cyclists will

never

 develop impotence from bicycle seats, the scientists said. What

makes

 one person more vulnerable than another is not known. Body weight

seems to matter: heavier riders exert more pressure on saddles.

Variations in anatomy may also make a difference.



Dr. Goldstein said he often saw patients who were stunned to learn

that riding a bicycle led to their impotence. One middle-aged man

rode in a special cycling event to honor a friend and has been

impotent since. A 28-year-old who came in for testing, Dr Goldstein



 said, showed the penile blood flow of a 60-year-old. A college

student who had competed in rough cycling sports was unable to

achieve an erection until microvascular surgery restored penile

blood

 flow.



"We make kids wear helmets and knee pads," Dr. Goldstein said. "But



 no one thinks about protecting the crotch."



The safest seats and saddles, experts say, force the rider to sit

back firmly on the sit bones so the perineum is protected.



Dr. Schrader advocates saddles that do not have noses. After finding



 that traditional saddles reduced the quality of nighttime erections



 in young policemen who patrol on bicycles, he has persuaded scores

of

 officers in several cities to use noseless seats and is now studying



 the officers' sexual function over six months.



Nunzio Lamaestra, a 46-year-old police officer in San Antonio, said



 he appreciated his noseless bicycle saddle.



"You get used to riding without the nose," he said. "I can do

everything, including ride with no hands."



To respond to the whole group send to ob-@topica.com.

To respond to the list manager send to cmur-@obra.org

To unsubscribe send to obra-uns-@topica.com



jakebigham

2005-10-07





--Apple-Mail-5-96051740

Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Content-Type: text/plain;

charset=UTF-8;

delsp=yes;

format=flowed



A delicate topic perhaps... Have you seen this latest article on mojo

and bike saddles? I know this topic appears from time to time but

this study seems more serious than the more anecdotal evidence/

studies of the past.





http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/04/health/nutrition/04bike.html?

incamp=article_popular







reprint below in case the link doesn't work:

?







October 4, 2005



Serious Riders, Your Bicycle Seat May Affect Your Love Life



By SANDRA BLAKESLEE

A raft of new studies suggest that cyclists, particularly men, should

be careful which bicycle seats they choose.



The studies add to earlier evidence that traditional bicycle saddles,

the kind with a narrow rear and pointy nose, play a role in sexual

impotence.



Some saddle designs are more damaging than others, scientists say.

But even so-called ergonomic seats, to protect the sex organs, can be

harmful, the research finds. The dozen or so studies, from peer-

reviewed journals, are summarized in three articles in September's

Journal of Sexual Medicine.



In a bluntly worded editorial with the articles, Dr. Steven Schrader,

a reproductive health expert who studies cycling at the National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, said he believed that

it was no longer a question of "whether or not bicycle riding on a

saddle causes erectile dysfunction."



Instead, he said in an interview, "The question is, What are we going

to do about it?"



The studies, by researchers at Boston University and in Italy, found

that the more a person rides, the greater the risk of impotence or

loss of libido. And researchers in Austria have found that many

mountain bikers experience saddle-related trauma that leads to small

calcified masses inside the scrotum.



This does not mean that people should stop cycling, Dr. Schrader

said. And those who ride bikes rarely or for short periods need not

worry.



But riders who spend many hours on a bike each week should be

concerned, he said. And he suggested that the bicycle industry design

safer saddles and stop trivializing the risks of the existing seats.



A spokesman for the industry said it was aware of the issue and added

that "new designs are coming out."



"Most people are not riding long enough to damage themselves

permanently," said the spokesman, Marc Sani, publisher of Bicycle

Retailer and Industry News. "But a consumer's first line of defense,

for their enthusiasm as well as sexual prowess, is to go to a bicycle

retailer and get fitted properly on the bike."



Researchers have estimated that 5 percent of men who ride bikes

intensively have developed severe to moderate erectile dysfunction as

a result. But some experts believe that the numbers may be much

higher because many men are too embarrassed to talk about it or fail

to associate cycling with their problems in the bedroom.



The link between bicycle saddles and impotence first received public

attention in 1997 when a Boston urologist, Dr. Irwin Goldstein, who

had studied the problem, asserted that "there are only two kinds of

male cyclists - those who are impotent and those who will be impotent."



Cyclists became angry and defensive, he said, adding: "They said

cycling is healthy and could not possibly hurt you. Sure you can get

numb. But impotent? No way."



The bicycle industry listened, said Joshua Cohen, a physical

therapist in Chapel Hill, N.C., and the author of "Finding the

Perfect Bicycle Seat." Manufacturers designed dozens of new saddles

with cut outs, splits in the back and thick gel padding to relieve

pressure on tender body parts.



Scientists also stepped up their research. Since 2000, a dozen

studies have been carried out using sophisticated tools to see

exactly what happens when vulnerable human anatomy meets the bicycle

saddle.



The area in question is the perineum, between the external genitals

and the anus. "When you sit on a chair you never put weight on the

perineum," Dr. Schrader said. "But when you sit on a bike, you

increase pressure on the perineum" sevenfold.



In men, a sheath in the perineum, called Alcock's canal, contains an

artery and a nerve that supply the penis with blood and sensation.

The canal runs along the side of a bone, Dr. Goldstein said, and when

a cyclist sits hard on a narrow saddle, the artery and the nerve are

compressed. Over time, a reduction of blood flow can mean that there

is not enough pressure to achieve full erection.



In women, Dr. Goldstein said, the same arteries and nerves engorge

the clitoris during sexual intercourse. Women cyclists have not been

studied as much, he added, but they probably suffer the same injuries.



Researchers are using a variety of methods to study the compression

caused by different saddles. One method involves draping a special

pad with 900 pressure sensors over the saddle. The distribution of

the rider's weight is then registered on a computer. In another

technique, sensors are placed on the rider's penis to measure oxygen

flowing through arteries beneath the skin. Blood flow is detected by

other sensors that send a "swoosh" sound to a Doppler machine.



The research shows that when riders sit on a classic saddle with a

teardrop shape and a long nose, a quarter of their body weight rests

on the nose, putting pressure on the perineum. The amount of oxygen

reaching the penis typically falls 70 percent to 80 percent in three

minutes. "A guy can sit on a saddle and have his penis oxygen levels

drop 100 percent but he doesn't know it," Mr. Cohen said. "After half

an hour he goes numb."



Dr. Goldstein added, "Numbness is your body telling you something is

wrong."



Today's ergonomic saddles have splits in the back or holes in the

center to relieve pressure on the perineum. But this may make matters

worse: the ergonomic saddles have smaller surface areas, so the

rider's weight presses harder on less saddle, Dr. Schrader said. The

perineum may not escape injury because its arteries run laterally and

they are not directly over the cutouts. The arteries can come under

more pressure when they come into contact with the cutouts' edges.



Thick gels on saddles can also increase pressure to the perineum, the

studies found, because the material can migrate and form clumps in

all the wrong places.



Just as many smokers do not get lung cancer, many cyclists will never

develop impotence from bicycle seats, the scientists said. What makes

one person more vulnerable than another is not known. Body weight

seems to matter: heavier riders exert more pressure on saddles.

Variations in anatomy may also make a difference.



Dr. Goldstein said he often saw patients who were stunned to learn

that riding a bicycle led to their impotence. One middle-aged man

rode in a special cycling event to honor a friend and has been

impotent since. A 28-year-old who came in for testing, Dr Goldstein

said, showed the penile blood flow of a 60-year-old. A college

student who had competed in rough cycling sports was unable to

achieve an erection until microvascular surgery restored penile blood

flow.



"We make kids wear helmets and knee pads," Dr. Goldstein said. "But

no one thinks about protecting the crotch."



The safest seats and saddles, experts say, force the rider to sit

back firmly on the sit bones so the perineum is protected.



Dr. Schrader advocates saddles that do not have noses. After finding

that traditional saddles reduced the quality of nighttime erections

in young policemen who patrol on bicycles, he has persuaded scores of

officers in several cities to use noseless seats and is now studying

the officers' sexual function over six months.



Nunzio Lamaestra, a 46-year-old police officer in San Antonio, said

he appreciated his noseless bicycle saddle.



"You get used to riding without the nose," he said. "I can do

everything, including ride with no hands."







--Apple-Mail-5-96051740

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<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">A delicate topic perhaps... Have you seen this latest article on mojo and bike saddles? I know this topic appears from time to time but this study seems more serious than the more anecdotal evidence/studies of the past.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/04/health/nutrition/04bike.html?incamp=article_popular">http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/04/health/nutrition/04bike.html?incamp=article_popular</A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV>reprint below in case the link doesn't work:<BR><IMG src="cid:651A7565-E199-4778-8542-6B1502606289@local"><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 16px/normal Times; min-height: 19px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 16px/normal Times; min-height: 19px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#9D0000"><BR></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 16px/normal Times; min-height: 19px; "><BR></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 8.0px 0.0px; font: 16.0px Times; min-height: 19.0px"><BR></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14.4px;"><B>October 4, 2005</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 16px/normal Times; min-height: 19px; "><BR></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px;"><B>Serious Riders, Your Bicycle Seat May Affect Your Love Life</B></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><B>By </B></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/query?ppds=bylL&v1=SANDRA%20BLAKESLEE&fdq=19960101&td=sysdate&sort=newest&ac=SANDRA%20BLAKESLEE&inline=nyt-per"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#000068"><B>SANDRA BLAKESLEE</B></FONT></SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">A raft of new studies suggest that cyclists, particularly men, should be careful which bicycle seats they choose.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">The studies add to earlier evidence that traditional bicycle saddles, the kind with a narrow rear and pointy nose, play a role in sexual impotence.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Some saddle designs are more damaging than others, scientists say. But even so-called ergonomic seats, to protect the sex organs, can be harmful, the research finds. The dozen or so studies, from peer-reviewed journals, are summarized in three articles in September's Journal of Sexual Medicine.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">In a bluntly worded editorial with the articles, Dr. Steven Schrader, a reproductive health expert who studies cycling at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, said he believed that it was no longer a question of "whether or not bicycle riding on a saddle causes erectile dysfunction."</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Instead, he said in an interview, "The question is, What are we going to do about it?"</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">The studies, by researchers at Boston University and in Italy, found that the more a person rides, the greater the risk of impotence or loss of libido. And researchers in Austria have found that many mountain bikers experience saddle-related trauma that leads to small calcified masses inside the scrotum.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">This does not mean that people should stop cycling, Dr. Schrader said. And those who ride bikes rarely or for short periods need not worry.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">But riders who spend many hours on a bike each week should be concerned, he said. And he suggested that the bicycle industry design safer saddles and stop trivializing the risks of the existing seats.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">A spokesman for the industry said it was aware of the issue and added that "new designs are coming out."</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">"Most people are not riding long enough to damage themselves permanently," said the spokesman, Marc Sani, publisher of Bicycle Retailer and Industry News. "But a consumer's first line of defense, for their enthusiasm as well as sexual prowess, is to go to a bicycle retailer and get fitted properly on the bike."</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Researchers have estimated that 5 percent of men who ride bikes intensively have developed severe to moderate erectile dysfunction as a result. But some experts believe that the numbers may be much higher because many men are too embarrassed to talk about it or fail to associate cycling with their problems in the bedroom.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">The link between bicycle saddles and impotence first received public attention in 1997 when a Boston urologist, Dr. Irwin Goldstein, who had studied the problem, asserted that "there are only two kinds of male cyclists - those who are impotent and those who will be impotent."</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Cyclists became angry and defensive, he said, adding: "They said cycling is healthy and could not possibly hurt you. Sure you can get numb. But impotent? No way."</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">The bicycle industry listened, said Joshua Cohen, a physical therapist in Chapel Hill, N.C., and the author of "Finding the Perfect Bicycle Seat." Manufacturers designed dozens of new saddles with cut outs, splits in the back and thick gel padding to relieve pressure on tender body parts.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Scientists also stepped up their research. Since 2000, a dozen studies have been carried out using sophisticated tools to see exactly what happens when vulnerable human anatomy meets the bicycle saddle.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">The area in question is the perineum, between the external genitals and the anus. "When you sit on a chair you never put weight on the perineum," Dr. Schrader said. "But when you sit on a bike, you increase pressure on the perineum" sevenfold.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">In men, a sheath in the perineum, called Alcock's canal, contains an artery and a nerve that supply the penis with blood and sensation. The canal runs along the side of a bone, Dr. Goldstein said, and when a cyclist sits hard on a narrow saddle, the artery and the nerve are compressed. Over time, a reduction of blood flow can mean that there is not enough pressure to achieve full erection.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">In women, Dr. Goldstein said, the same arteries and nerves engorge the clitoris during sexual intercourse. Women cyclists have not been studied as much, he added, but they probably suffer the same injuries.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Researchers are using a variety of methods to study the compression caused by different saddles. One method involves draping a special pad with 900 pressure sensors over the saddle. The distribution of the rider's weight is then registered on a computer. In another technique, sensors are placed on the rider's penis to measure oxygen flowing through arteries beneath the skin. Blood flow is detected by other sensors that send a "swoosh" sound to a Doppler machine.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">The research shows that when riders sit on a classic saddle with a teardrop shape and a long nose, a quarter of their body weight rests on the nose, putting pressure on the perineum. The amount of oxygen reaching the penis typically falls 70 percent to 80 percent in three minutes. "A guy can sit on a saddle and have his penis oxygen levels drop 100 percent but he doesn't know it," Mr. Cohen said. "After half an hour he goes numb."</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Dr. Goldstein added, "Numbness is your body telling you something is wrong."</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Today's ergonomic saddles have splits in the back or holes in the center to relieve pressure on the perineum. But this may make matters worse: the ergonomic saddles have smaller surface areas, so the rider's weight presses harder on less saddle, Dr. Schrader said. The perineum may not escape injury because its arteries run laterally and they are not directly over the cutouts. The arteries can come under more pressure when they come into contact with the cutouts' edges.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Thick gels on saddles can also increase pressure to the perineum, the studies found, because the material can migrate and form clumps in all the wrong places.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Just as many smokers do not get lung </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/cancer/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#000068">cancer</FONT></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">, many cyclists will never develop impotence from bicycle seats, the scientists said. What makes one person more vulnerable than another is not known. Body weight seems to matter: heavier riders exert more pressure on saddles. Variations in anatomy may also make a difference.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Dr. Goldstein said he often saw patients who were stunned to learn that riding a bicycle led to their impotence. One middle-aged man rode in a special cycling event to honor a friend and has been impotent since. A 28-year-old who came in for testing, Dr Goldstein said, showed the penile blood flow of a 60-year-old. A college student who had competed in rough cycling sports was unable to achieve an erection until microvascular surgery restored penile blood flow.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">"We make kids wear helmets and knee pads," Dr. Goldstein said. "But no one thinks about protecting the crotch."</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">The safest seats and saddles, experts say, force the rider to sit back firmly on the sit bones so the perineum is protected.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Dr. Schrader advocates saddles that do not have noses. After finding that traditional saddles reduced the quality of nighttime erections in young policemen who patrol on bicycles, he has persuaded scores of officers in several cities to use noseless seats and is now studying the officers' sexual function over six months.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Nunzio Lamaestra, a 46-year-old police officer in San Antonio, said he appreciated his noseless bicycle saddle.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">"You get used to riding without the nose," he said. "I can do everything, including ride with no hands."</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 16.0px 0.0px"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></P></BODY></HTML>

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